Ranked-Choice Voting (Rank Voting):

A voting system where voters rank candidates in order of preference (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.). If no candidate gets a majority, the lowest-ranked candidates are eliminated and their votes are redistributed until one candidate has a majority.

First-Past-The-Post Voting (FPTP):

A voting system where voters select one candidate only. The candidate with the most votes wins, even if they do not receive a majority.

<span id="docs-internal-guid-4b11b766-7fff-8679-8ab4-71a3c307efe8"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.14;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Boy-Love (BL) and Girl-Love (GL) refer to specific genres of media, primarily produced in East and Southeast Asia (notably Japan, South Korea, China, and Thailand), that depict romantic relationships between two male (BL) or two female (GL) characters. These genres have been critiqued as distinct from general LGBTQ+ media in that they are typically created by and for cisgender heterosexual audiences - BL for women and GL for men. They often follow recurring tropes such as romanticized power imbalances, emotional dependency, or idealized relationships. While these genres can increase visibility of queer relationships, they are not necessarily created to reflect authentic LGBTQ+ experiences.</span></p><div><span style="font-size: 19.25pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br></span></div></span>

Legal personhood refers to the recognition of an entity as a subject under the law that can hold rights, and duties. Legal persons can be represented in court by legal guardians and have their rights defended independently of human interests.

Public debt refers to the total outstanding liabilities of a government—e.g., bonds and loans—expressed as a percentage of its annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

In 1992, the European Union's Maastricht Treaty imposed a public-debt ceiling which required (or obliged states to converge toward) a maximum gross public-debt level of 60% of GDP. In other words, countries above the threshold must pursue policies to reduce their debt.

Intellectualism refers to the social premium placed on formal study, systematic data-gathering, and the application of academic or professional expertise to solve public problems. In developing countries, this often manifests in (a) appointing technocrats to senior government posts, (b) hiring economic consultants to craft development policy, and (c) partnering with prestigious international universities to build scientific research capacity and human capital.

In these states, the stigma against intellectualism among progressive circles then refers to the widespread suspicion that formally trained "experts" are elitist, foreign-influenced, or detached from ordinary livelihoods.